When does the flu season begin and end? Typically, October through March. But, experts say, it can extend beyond that stretch by a few weeks on either side.
You likely read about the historic and unsettling flu season of 2017-18: In America, some 900,000 people were hospitalized and 80,000 died from the flu and its complications. The 2017-18 flu season was the worst we’ve seen since 2011, when there were 56,000 deaths. By comparison, flu-related deaths during a typical flu season number around 30,000 (if there’s such a thing as a “typical” flu season).
“During the 2017-2018 season, the percentage of deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza (P&I) was at or above the ‘epidemic’ threshold for 16 consecutive weeks,” according the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). During the past five seasons, the average number of weeks this indicator was above threshold was 11.”
In 2018-19, the flu season reared its ugly head early, with news of five children who died from a deadly viral strain in October and November. And December brought more bad news, with flu-related deaths announced in Mississippi, Montana, and North Carolina—plus multiple flu-related deaths in San Diego County in California—during the first week of the month.
Individual states typically have a flu surveillance tracking page online as well, as posted by Department of Health or Health & Human Services divisions. Here are just a few examples, with a full directory link below:
- California Department of Public Health
- Connecticut Department of Public Health
- Florida Deparment of Health
- Idaho Department of Health and Welfare
- Louisiana Department of Health
- Massachusetts Department of Health & Human Services
- New Jersey Department of Health
- New York Department of Health
- North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services
For a full list, visit Health.gov’s State Health Departments directory.
So How Long Does Flu Season Last?
Most experts define the flu season as October through March, but it can drag on into summer and beyond. “Influenza viruses circulate year-round,” the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes. “[While] flu activity peaks between December and February, activity can last as late as May,” according to the CDC.
Clearly, we need to be increasingly aware of how to protect ourselves from the spread of flu viruses. It starts with staying knowledgeable. There are all kinds of resources that keep us updated on what’s happening. The CDC, for example, offers a Flu Activity & Surveillance home page through which you can access the following:
- FluView, a weekly U.S. influenza surveillance report
- FluView Interactive, which provides more in-depth data
- FluView Activity Update
How to Survive Flu Season and Beyond
Besides staying informed on flu outbreak trends, there are personal steps you can take to protect yourself. The first and most obvious strategy: a flu shot. It’s become controversial because of widely publicized effectiveness rates that are lower than people would expect. In 2017-18, for example, the CDC reported an effectiveness rate of around 35 percent.
Typically, effectiveness rates of the annual flu vaccination vary between 40 and 60 percent. Despite the below-average performance in 2017-18, experts still insist that you’ll give yourself a better chance of avoiding the flu by getting the vaccination.
“For the most part, an influenza vaccine is always a good idea,” says Dawn Turner, D.O., Attending Physician/Emergency Medicine at MedPost, Detroit Medical Center’s urgent care partner. “Even if it isn’t as effective for a particular year, it still gives you some immunity to the virus. In that way, even if you do contract influenza, you will not get as sick,and will get better faster, than if you didn’t have the vaccine at all.”
Can the Flu Shot Make You Sick?
Despite the medical community’s advice to get flu-vaccinated, a large portion of the public remains skeptical. In early December 2018, a survey conducted by NORC at the University of Chicago revealed that 41 percent of adults had not yet been vaccinated and did not intend to do so.
When asked why they were declining to get vaccinated, adults were most likely to cite concerns about:
SOURCES & RESOURCES
For related reading, please visit these posts:
- Early Flu Symptoms: Common Warning Signs—and How to React
- How Long Does the Flu Last?
- Common Cold and Flu Prevention: 15 Tips to Keep You Healthy
- Side effects from the flu (36 percent)
- Getting sick from the vaccine (31 percent)
- The effectiveness of a flu shot
You’ve no doubt heard people say (or have found yourself thinking), Just getting a flu shot can make me sick, can’t it? Actually, no, as Dr. Turner explains.
The vaccination “is a killed virus and cannot give you the flu,” she says. “As with any vaccine [you get], it is normal to have mild soreness or redness around the injection site. Also, a mild fever or body aches may develop for one to two days, but that’s only a normal immune response—and not the flu itself.”
Flu Season Smarts: Strategies for Preventing Influenza
So how do you navigate flu season within a population that’s only part vaccinated, and where the flu shot may not be effective in half of those who do get one? The best advice is to practice good health habits.
Dr. Turner offers these best practices:
- Regularly wash your hands with soap and water.
- Try not to touch your face—especially your eyes, nose, and mouth—without first washing your hands.
- Get enough sleep and eat a healthy diet to keep your immune system strong.
- Avoid close contact with people who are showing signs of influenza.
- If you have flu-like systems, stay home from work and do not return until you are fever-free for 24 hours.
- Clean and disinfect common surfaces at home and work.
- If you’re in close proximity to someone with influenza, it’s helpful to wear a surgical type mask.
